Rinse 1 cup masoor dal (red lentils) 2–3 times until water runs clear.
In a pot or pressure cooker, add dal (red lentil), salt, turmeric, and 3 cups of water.
For pressure cooker, you can cook for 2–3 whistles.
For open pot, simmer for 20–25 mins, stirring occasionally.
Once soft, lightly mash the dal and set aside.
Using a mortar & pestle, grind together: peppercorns, cardamom, cinnamon, and hing (optional). Set aside.
To prepare tempering (Tadka), Heat 3 tbsp ghee/oil in a pan or cooker.
Add bay leaf and cumin seeds.
When they sizzle, add garlic and sauté until golden.
Add green chilies, onion, ginger (if using), and carrot (or tomato). Cook until soft and golden.
Add cooked dal to the prepared tadka. Mix well.
Add 1 cup water to adjust consistency. Bring to a gentle simmer.
Add the prepared masala paste. Mix and simmer for 2–3 minutes.
Turn off the heat after cooking. Garnish Masoor Dal with chopped coriander and optional lemon juice.
Serve hot with steamed rice, chapati, or naan.